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Containers share the host OS kernel, while VMs virtualize hardware with separate OS.

Zero Trust Architecture ensures that no user or device is trusted by default.

Container data can be lost unless stored in persistent volumes.

Availability Zones help prevent downtime by isolating failures across multiple locations.

Container networking enables communication between services in different containers.

Stateless servers are easier to scale because they don't store user session data locally.

High Availability ensures your application remains operational even during server failures.

Data residency is crucial for compliance with laws about where data can be stored.

Fault domains help prevent multiple servers from failing together in an architecture.

Consistent hashing allows efficient addition and removal of nodes with minimal key movement.

The CAP Theorem explains the trade-offs in distributed systems during network failures.

Fail Fast means stopping quickly on errors, while Fail Safe ensures safety in failures.

Active-passive architecture ensures a standby system takes over if the main system fails.

RPC allows one service to call a function in another service over the network.

Choosing between single and multi-region architecture affects system resilience and cost.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

Disaster recovery ensures systems can restore services and data after major disruptions.

Elasticsearch uses master election and quorum to prevent split brain scenarios.

Consistent hashing helps distribute data across servers with minimal movement.

Network partitions occur when servers are operational but can't communicate, affecting system performance.

Distributed caching spreads data across multiple servers for better performance and reliability.

Quorum-based replication determines how many database replicas must agree for reads and writes.

Kubernetes uses a Control Plane to manage Worker Nodes and ensure application reliability.

Kubernetes uses Pods, ReplicaSets, and Deployments to manage application availability and updates.

Choosing the right boundaries for microservices is crucial for effective architecture.