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Event time is when an event occurs, while processing time is when it is handled.

Physical time tells when events happen, while logical time tells their order.

Watermarks help stream processing systems manage event time and late events.

Stream Processing Architecture helps turn incoming events into real-time insights efficiently.

Late-arriving events can be dropped, updated, or routed based on system needs.

In distributed systems, timestamps don't always reflect the true order of events.

Vector clocks help track the order and concurrency of events in distributed systems.

Lamport Timestamps help order events in distributed systems while preserving causality.

Causality in distributed systems helps understand how events influence each other, beyond just timestamps.

A timeout indicates a deadline was exceeded, not necessarily a failure.

Kafka can help ensure messages are processed once, but requires careful design.