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HLD provides an overview of system architecture, while LLD details implementation specifics.

REST API design focuses on creating clean, efficient, and scalable web services.

Graceful degradation allows apps to function partially during service failures.

Fallbacks allow systems to handle failures safely and maintain user experience.

Database replication enhances data availability and read performance but has challenges like replication lag.

The Bulkhead Pattern isolates resources to protect critical workloads from failures.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

Batch processing collects data to process later, while stream processing handles data in real-time.