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Kafka uses brokers for data handling and KRaft controllers for metadata management.

Network partitions occur when servers are operational but can't communicate, affecting system performance.

Elasticsearch uses master election and quorum to prevent split brain scenarios.

ZooKeeper uses ephemeral and sequential nodes for managing distributed services effectively.

gRPC allows efficient communication between services using a structured request-response model.

2-Phase Commit helps maintain data consistency in transactions across multiple databases.

Kafka uses different strategies to assign partitions to consumers in a group efficiently.

Bully, Raft, and ZooKeeper are distinct algorithms for leader election in distributed systems.

Consistent hashing helps distribute data across servers with minimal movement.

Raft and Paxos are protocols that help computers agree on values in distributed systems.

Crash failures stop a service, while network failures disrupt communication.