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Logs, metrics, and traces help engineers debug issues in software systems.

HLD provides an overview of system architecture, while LLD details implementation specifics.

Fail Fast means stopping quickly on errors, while Fail Safe ensures safety in failures.

Functional requirements define what a system does, while non-functional requirements define how it performs.

Search engines collect, index, retrieve, and rank documents to provide relevant results.

FAANG engineers use high-level design principles to create scalable systems.

FAANG interviewers evaluate problem understanding, architecture, scalability, and communication skills.

Graceful degradation allows apps to function partially during service failures.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

Monolithic and microservices architectures each have unique advantages and challenges for software development.

Dependency failures can disrupt applications, but resilience patterns can help manage them.

Alerting helps notify the right people about production issues quickly.

Choosing the right boundaries for microservices is crucial for effective architecture.

The Bulkhead Pattern isolates resources to protect critical workloads from failures.

SLIs measure service performance, SLOs set reliability targets, and SLAs are customer agreements.

Microservices and modular monoliths differ mainly in deployment and communication methods.

The USE Method helps find and analyze infrastructure bottlenecks in software systems.

Database isolation levels determine how transactions interact and affect data consistency.