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Load balancers distribute traffic across multiple servers to enhance performance and reliability.

Latency is the time for one request, while throughput is how many requests are processed.

REST API design focuses on creating clean, efficient, and scalable web services.

Cache stampede occurs when many requests hit the database due to a cache miss.

Distributed caching spreads data across multiple servers for better performance and reliability.

Database replication enhances data availability and read performance but has challenges like replication lag.

Message queues allow services to communicate asynchronously, improving scalability and reliability.

Database bottlenecks slow down performance, but identifying them helps optimize and scale effectively.

Scaling databases involves deciding whether to enhance read or write capabilities based on traffic patterns.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

An API Gateway simplifies client access to backend services in microservices.

Monolithic and microservices architectures each have unique advantages and challenges for software development.

Caching helps applications respond faster by serving data from memory instead of hitting the database.

Stateless servers are easier to scale because they don't store user session data locally.

Consistent hashing helps distribute data across servers with minimal movement.