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Queues distribute tasks to one consumer, while Pub/Sub broadcasts events to multiple subscribers.

Message queues allow services to communicate asynchronously, improving scalability and reliability.

Vector clocks help track the order and concurrency of events in distributed systems.

Kafka uses retry topics and delayed retries to manage message failures efficiently.

The Transactional Outbox Pattern ensures database updates and event publishing are synchronized to avoid losing events.

2-Phase Commit helps maintain data consistency in transactions across multiple databases.

The Bulkhead Pattern isolates resources to protect critical workloads from failures.

The TCP 3-way handshake ensures reliable connection establishment between a client and server.

Latency is the time for one request, while throughput is how many requests are processed.