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Elasticsearch uses master election and quorum to prevent split brain scenarios.

Primary shards partition data, while replica shards duplicate it for redundancy.

Load balancers distribute traffic across multiple servers to enhance performance and reliability.

Fail-stop means a system stops and stays down, while fail-recover means it can come back but needs to be ready.

Raft handles leader failure by allowing followers to elect a new leader through voting.

Failover ensures systems remain operational by managing leader changes during failures.

Database replication helps keep data available and allows systems to handle more read requests.

Leader election ensures a single node coordinates tasks in distributed systems, even after failures.

Read replicas allow databases to handle more read requests by distributing them across multiple copies.

Database replication enhances data availability and read performance but has challenges like replication lag.

Availability is about access; reliability is about correct performance.