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Kafka uses partitions to allow parallel processing while ensuring message order with keys.

Kafka consumer lag shows how far behind consumers are from new messages.

Kafka uses heartbeats and timeouts to check if consumers are alive.

Kafka uses different strategies to assign partitions to consumers in a group efficiently.

Kafka consumer offsets help track message processing to avoid loss and duplication.

Kafka rebalances consumer groups to manage partition assignments effectively.

Kafka's subscribe() lets the group manage partitions, while assign() gives control to the application.