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Kafka uses different strategies to assign partitions to consumers in a group efficiently.

Dependency failures can disrupt applications, but resilience patterns can help manage them.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

Vertical scaling means upgrading one server, while horizontal scaling means adding more servers.

Graceful degradation allows apps to function partially during service failures.

Load shedding helps systems reject excess requests to maintain performance during high demand.

Fallbacks allow systems to handle failures safely and maintain user experience.

Cascading failures occur when one service's failure impacts others, causing widespread issues.