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Availability is about access; reliability is about correct performance.

Database replication helps keep data available and allows systems to handle more read requests.

Failover ensures systems remain operational by managing leader changes during failures.

Fail-stop means a system stops and stays down, while fail-recover means it can come back but needs to be ready.

Load balancers distribute traffic across multiple servers to enhance performance and reliability.

Database replication enhances data availability and read performance but has challenges like replication lag.

Elasticsearch uses master election and quorum to prevent split brain scenarios.

Read replicas allow databases to handle more read requests by distributing them across multiple copies.

Leader election ensures a single node coordinates tasks in distributed systems, even after failures.