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Network partitions occur when servers are operational but can't communicate, affecting system performance.

Crash failures stop a service, while network failures disrupt communication.

The CAP Theorem explains the trade-offs in distributed systems during network failures.

RPC allows one service to call a function in another service over the network.

gRPC allows efficient communication between services using a structured request-response model.

Causality in distributed systems helps understand how events influence each other, beyond just timestamps.

Physical time tells when events happen, while logical time tells their order.

Timeouts in distributed systems indicate suspicion, not confirmed failure.

Jitter helps spread out client retries to avoid traffic spikes.

Fail-stop means a system stops and stays down, while fail-recover means it can come back but needs to be ready.