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REST API design focuses on creating clean, efficient, and scalable web services.

Database per Service ensures each microservice owns its data, reducing dependencies.

Transactions ensure database operations are reliable using ACID properties.

Database bottlenecks slow down performance, but identifying them helps optimize and scale effectively.

Choosing between a shared database and a database per service affects system design significantly.

Choose Elasticsearch for complex text searches, but use databases for structured queries.

Database replication enhances data availability and read performance but has challenges like replication lag.

Sharding splits databases into smaller parts to improve performance and scalability.