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Fallbacks allow systems to handle failures safely and maintain user experience.

Elasticsearch uses shards for data distribution and replicas for redundancy.

Fail-stop means a system stops and stays down, while fail-recover means it can come back but needs to be ready.

Dependency failures can disrupt applications, but resilience patterns can help manage them.

Timeouts in distributed systems indicate suspicion, not confirmed failure.

Kafka uses Dead Letter Topics to handle messages that repeatedly fail processing.

A timeout indicates a deadline was exceeded, not necessarily a failure.

A Circuit Breaker helps prevent system failures by stopping calls to unhealthy services.