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Kafka uses different strategies to assign partitions to consumers in a group efficiently.

The Bulkhead Pattern isolates resources to protect critical workloads from failures.

Dependency failures can disrupt applications, but resilience patterns can help manage them.

FAANG engineers use high-level design principles to create scalable systems.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

Microservices can communicate using five key patterns based on their needs.

Vertical scaling means upgrading one server, while horizontal scaling means adding more servers.

L4 and L7 load balancers differ in how they route network traffic based on layers of the OSI model.

Fallbacks allow systems to handle failures safely and maintain user experience.

Elasticsearch offers three main autocomplete strategies, each with unique benefits and trade-offs.

Microservices and modular monoliths differ mainly in deployment and communication methods.

The Transactional Outbox Pattern ensures database updates and event publishing are synchronized to avoid losing events.

Choosing the right boundaries for microservices is crucial for effective architecture.

API Gateway, Proxy, and Load Balancer serve different roles in managing requests and traffic in systems.

Stateless servers are easier to scale because they don't store user session data locally.

Choosing the right distributed lock depends on your system's needs and existing tools.

Cascading failures occur when one service's failure impacts others, causing widespread issues.

The Saga Pattern manages distributed transactions using local transactions and compensating actions.

Database per Service ensures each microservice owns its data, reducing dependencies.

HLD provides an overview of system architecture, while LLD details implementation specifics.