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Message queues allow services to communicate asynchronously, improving scalability and reliability.

Queues distribute tasks to one consumer, while Pub/Sub broadcasts events to multiple subscribers.

Microservices can communicate using five key patterns based on their needs.

The Transactional Outbox Pattern ensures database updates and event publishing are synchronized to avoid losing events.

Classifying failures and using controlled retries in Kafka prevents outages.

Token Bucket allows burst traffic, while Leaky Bucket smooths out traffic flow.

Backpressure helps manage message flow in Kafka during traffic spikes.

Distributed backpressure helps manage the flow of work between services to prevent overload.

REST, RPC, and gRPC are different methods for communication in software systems.

Availability is about access; reliability is about correct performance.

Cascading failures occur when one service's failure impacts others, causing widespread issues.

Microservices and modular monoliths differ mainly in deployment and communication methods.