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Optimistic and pessimistic locking are strategies to manage database access during concurrent transactions.

Lamport Timestamps help order events in distributed systems while preserving causality.

In distributed systems, timestamps don't always reflect the true order of events.

The Transactional Outbox Pattern ensures database updates and event publishing are synchronized to avoid losing events.

2-Phase Commit helps maintain data consistency in transactions across multiple databases.

Database isolation levels determine how transactions interact and affect data consistency.

Raft's safety rules guarantee that committed entries are preserved even after leader failures.

Vector clocks help track the order and concurrency of events in distributed systems.