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Graceful degradation allows apps to function partially during service failures.

Fallbacks allow systems to handle failures safely and maintain user experience.

Vertical scaling means upgrading one server, while horizontal scaling means adding more servers.

gRPC allows efficient communication between services using a structured request-response model.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

Dependency failures can disrupt applications, but resilience patterns can help manage them.

The CAP Theorem explains the trade-offs in distributed systems during network failures.

Failover ensures systems remain operational by managing leader changes during failures.

Idempotency ensures that repeated operations in APIs do not cause duplicate effects.

The Circuit Breaker pattern controls service calls to prevent failures from spreading.

In distributed systems, timestamps don't always reflect the true order of events.

Fail-stop means a system stops and stays down, while fail-recover means it can come back but needs to be ready.

Distributed backpressure helps manage the flow of work between services to prevent overload.

A Circuit Breaker helps prevent system failures by stopping calls to unhealthy services.

Timeouts in distributed systems indicate suspicion, not confirmed failure.