Any concept.
clear in 60 seconds.

Sharding splits databases into smaller parts to improve performance and scalability.

Elasticsearch offers two pagination methods: from & size for shallow pages and search_after for deep pages.

Elasticsearch offers Data Streams for simplicity and Time-Based Indices for control in managing time-series data.

Elasticsearch Data Streams simplify time-series data management with one name for many indices.

Quorum Reads ensure data consistency by querying multiple replicas in distributed systems.

Fetch limits control data size from Kafka, while poll records limit processed records.

Transactions ensure database operations are reliable using ACID properties.

The choice between SQL and NoSQL databases depends on your application's specific needs.

Database per Service ensures each microservice owns its data, reducing dependencies.

Choosing between a shared database and a database per service affects system design significantly.

Scaling databases involves deciding whether to enhance read or write capabilities based on traffic patterns.

Database replication enhances data availability and read performance but has challenges like replication lag.