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Graceful degradation allows apps to function partially during service failures.

Fallbacks allow systems to handle failures safely and maintain user experience.

An error budget shows how much downtime is acceptable while meeting reliability goals.

The CAP Theorem explains the trade-offs in distributed systems during network failures.

A timeout indicates a deadline was exceeded, not necessarily a failure.

Timeouts in distributed systems indicate suspicion, not confirmed failure.

The Bulkhead Pattern isolates resources to protect critical workloads from failures.

Fail Fast means stopping quickly on errors, while Fail Safe ensures safety in failures.

Availability is about access; reliability is about correct performance.

Cache invalidation is about knowing when to refresh cached data.

Cascading failures occur when one service's failure impacts others, causing widespread issues.

Crash failures stop a service, while network failures disrupt communication.

Raft's safety rules guarantee that committed entries are preserved even after leader failures.

Leader election helps distributed systems select one coordinator from many nodes.