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Token Bucket allows burst traffic, while Leaky Bucket smooths out traffic flow.

Active-Active Architecture uses multiple regions to serve traffic simultaneously for better resilience.

Backpressure helps manage message flow in Kafka during traffic spikes.

Late-arriving events can be dropped, updated, or routed based on system needs.

Distributed backpressure helps manage the flow of work between services to prevent overload.

Latency, throughput, and response time are key metrics in system performance.

Kafka uses different strategies to assign partitions to consumers in a group efficiently.

The USE Method helps find and analyze infrastructure bottlenecks in software systems.

Exponential backoff helps manage retries by increasing wait times to reduce system overload.

Active-passive architecture ensures a standby system takes over if the main system fails.

Global Load Balancing helps route users to the nearest and healthiest server region.