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Containers share the host OS kernel, while VMs virtualize hardware with separate OS.

High Availability ensures your application remains operational even during server failures.

Data residency is crucial for compliance with laws about where data can be stored.

Fault domains help prevent multiple servers from failing together in an architecture.

The CAP Theorem explains the trade-offs in distributed systems during network failures.

Fail Fast means stopping quickly on errors, while Fail Safe ensures safety in failures.

Active-passive architecture ensures a standby system takes over if the main system fails.

Choosing between single and multi-region architecture affects system resilience and cost.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

Disaster recovery ensures systems can restore services and data after major disruptions.

Network partitions occur when servers are operational but can't communicate, affecting system performance.

Distributed caching spreads data across multiple servers for better performance and reliability.

Quorum-based replication determines how many database replicas must agree for reads and writes.

Choosing the right boundaries for microservices is crucial for effective architecture.