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The TCP 3-way handshake ensures reliable connection establishment between a client and server.

Keep-Alive allows reusing HTTP connections to improve efficiency and reduce overhead.

L4 and L7 load balancers differ in how they route network traffic based on layers of the OSI model.

Network partitions occur when servers are operational but can't communicate, affecting system performance.

Crash failures stop a service, while network failures disrupt communication.

RPC allows one service to call a function in another service over the network.

gRPC allows efficient communication between services using a structured request-response model.

DNS resolution translates a URL into an IP address for web access.

DNS helps microservices find each other, but it has limitations that may require a service registry.

Service Discovery helps microservices locate each other dynamically without fixed IP addresses.

The CAP Theorem explains the trade-offs in distributed systems during network failures.

API Gateway, Proxy, and Load Balancer serve different roles in managing requests and traffic in systems.

REST, RPC, and gRPC are different methods for communication in software systems.

DNS records like A, CNAME, and MX help route internet traffic and manage services.

Load balancers distribute traffic across multiple servers to enhance performance and reliability.

gRPC supports four communication patterns: Unary, Server Streaming, Client Streaming, and Bidirectional Streaming.

Microservices can communicate using five key patterns based on their needs.

A reverse proxy routes client requests to different backend services efficiently.