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Containers share the host OS kernel, while VMs virtualize hardware with separate OS.

OLTP handles transactions while OLAP is for data analysis and reporting.

Container networking enables communication between services in different containers.

DNS resolution translates a URL into an IP address for web access.

HLD provides an overview of system architecture, while LLD details implementation specifics.

Kafka uses state stores to remember previous events in stateful stream processing.

FAANG engineers use high-level design principles to create scalable systems.

Container data can be lost unless stored in persistent volumes.

Functional requirements define what a system does, while non-functional requirements define how it performs.

The Bulkhead Pattern isolates resources to protect critical workloads from failures.

Cassandra uses a masterless architecture to distribute and replicate data efficiently.

Availability is about access; reliability is about correct performance.

Kubernetes uses a Control Plane to manage Worker Nodes and ensure application reliability.

Search engines collect, index, retrieve, and rank documents to provide relevant results.

A single component's failure can take down your entire application, even with redundancy.

L4 and L7 load balancers differ in how they route network traffic based on layers of the OSI model.

Fail Fast means stopping quickly on errors, while Fail Safe ensures safety in failures.