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Secure API design requires multiple strategies to protect sensitive data and access.

Authentication verifies who you are, while authorization determines what you can do.

SSRF is a vulnerability where an attacker tricks a server into making unintended requests.

Session-based authentication uses cookies to remember users after login.

The TLS handshake establishes a secure connection for HTTPS, ensuring data safety.

Fail Fast means stopping quickly on errors, while Fail Safe ensures safety in failures.

Availability is about access; reliability is about correct performance.

API keys help identify clients and control their access to APIs securely.

Disaster recovery ensures systems can restore services and data after major disruptions.

The CAP Theorem explains the trade-offs in distributed systems during network failures.

DNS resolution translates a URL into an IP address for web access.

Cache penetration occurs when requests for non-existent data overload the database.

Crash failures stop a service, while network failures disrupt communication.

A single component's failure can take down your entire application, even with redundancy.

The TCP 3-way handshake ensures reliable connection establishment between a client and server.

FAANG interviewers evaluate problem understanding, architecture, scalability, and communication skills.

The Bulkhead Pattern isolates resources to protect critical workloads from failures.

JWTs allow secure user authentication without needing session storage.

Fault domains help prevent multiple servers from failing together in an architecture.

Disaster Recovery Testing verifies that your recovery plan works effectively in real situations.

Fallbacks allow systems to handle failures safely and maintain user experience.

Failover ensures systems remain operational by managing leader changes during failures.

Choosing the right boundaries for microservices is crucial for effective architecture.

A Circuit Breaker helps prevent system failures by stopping calls to unhealthy services.

A CDN speeds up web applications by caching content closer to users.

API Gateway, Proxy, and Load Balancer serve different roles in managing requests and traffic in systems.

Functional requirements define what a system does, while non-functional requirements define how it performs.

Alerting helps notify the right people about production issues quickly.