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Dynamo-style databases are designed for high availability and fault tolerance in distributed systems.

Elasticsearch uses distributed architecture to search data quickly across multiple servers.

Cross-region database replication keeps databases synchronized across different geographical locations.

Stream Processing Architecture helps turn incoming events into real-time insights efficiently.

Cassandra uses clustering keys to sort rows within a partition for efficient querying.

Consistent hashing helps distribute data across servers with minimal movement.

Raft consensus helps distributed systems elect leaders and replicate logs reliably.

Vertical scaling means upgrading one server, while horizontal scaling means adding more servers.

Global failover ensures applications remain available by redirecting traffic from failed regions to functioning ones.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.