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Message queues allow services to communicate asynchronously, improving scalability and reliability.

Distributed locks ensure only one server performs a task, avoiding duplication.

Partial failure means some services fail while others keep running, impacting system reliability.

Cascading failures occur when one service's failure impacts others, causing widespread issues.

Distributed backpressure helps manage the flow of work between services to prevent overload.

Message delivery semantics define how messages are sent in distributed systems and handle failures.

Fallbacks allow systems to handle failures safely and maintain user experience.

The Saga Pattern manages distributed transactions using local transactions and compensating actions.

FAANG engineers use high-level design principles to create scalable systems.

Microservices can communicate using five key patterns based on their needs.

Request-Response asks for a result, while Events notify that something has happened.

RPC allows one service to call a function in another service over the network.

A timeout indicates a deadline was exceeded, not necessarily a failure.

The Bulkhead Pattern isolates resources to protect critical workloads from failures.

Synchronous communication waits for a response, while asynchronous continues without waiting.

Choosing between a shared database and a database per service affects system design significantly.

Timeouts in distributed systems indicate suspicion, not confirmed failure.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

Microservices and modular monoliths differ mainly in deployment and communication methods.

Database per Service ensures each microservice owns its data, reducing dependencies.

A Circuit Breaker helps prevent system failures by stopping calls to unhealthy services.

The Circuit Breaker pattern controls service calls to prevent failures from spreading.