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Microservices can communicate using five key patterns based on their needs.

gRPC supports four communication patterns: Unary, Server Streaming, Client Streaming, and Bidirectional Streaming.

Message queues allow services to communicate asynchronously, improving scalability and reliability.

Request-Response asks for a result, while Events notify that something has happened.

The Transactional Outbox Pattern ensures database updates and event publishing are synchronized to avoid losing events.

The Saga Pattern manages distributed transactions using local transactions and compensating actions.

Message delivery semantics define how messages are sent in distributed systems and handle failures.

The Bulkhead Pattern isolates resources to protect critical workloads from failures.

Synchronous communication waits for a response, while asynchronous continues without waiting.

The Circuit Breaker pattern controls service calls to prevent failures from spreading.

Graceful shutdown in Kafka ensures no data loss during consumer termination.