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Apache Kafka is a system for managing large volumes of events efficiently.

Kafka uses partitions to allow multiple consumers to process messages in parallel.

Message queues allow services to communicate asynchronously, improving scalability and reliability.

Kafka consumer lag shows how far behind consumers are from new messages.

Latency is the time for one request, while throughput is how many requests are processed.

Stateless servers are easier to scale because they don't store user session data locally.

Kafka maintains message order within partitions using keys for routing.