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Cassandra uses a masterless architecture to distribute and replicate data efficiently.

Stateless servers are easier to scale because they don't store user session data locally.

Monolithic and microservices architectures each have unique advantages and challenges for software development.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

An API Gateway simplifies client access to backend services in microservices.

Distributed caching spreads data across multiple servers for better performance and reliability.

Sharding splits databases into smaller parts to improve performance and scalability.

Load balancers distribute traffic across multiple servers to enhance performance and reliability.

Database replication enhances data availability and read performance but has challenges like replication lag.

Message queues allow services to communicate asynchronously, improving scalability and reliability.