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Network partitions occur when servers are operational but can't communicate, affecting system performance.

The TCP 3-way handshake ensures reliable connection establishment between a client and server.

Crash failures stop a service, while network failures disrupt communication.

DNS resolution translates a URL into an IP address for web access.

The CAP Theorem explains the trade-offs in distributed systems during network failures.

Keep-Alive allows reusing HTTP connections to improve efficiency and reduce overhead.

L4 and L7 load balancers differ in how they route network traffic based on layers of the OSI model.

Latency is the time for one request, while throughput is how many requests are processed.

REST, RPC, and gRPC are different methods for communication in software systems.

The USE Method helps find and analyze infrastructure bottlenecks in software systems.

Queues distribute tasks to one consumer, while Pub/Sub broadcasts events to multiple subscribers.

2-Phase Commit helps maintain data consistency in transactions across multiple databases.

Latency, throughput, and response time are key metrics in system performance.

FAANG interviewers evaluate problem understanding, architecture, scalability, and communication skills.

Request-Response asks for a result, while Events notify that something has happened.

Availability is about access; reliability is about correct performance.

Microservices can communicate using five key patterns based on their needs.

Message queues allow services to communicate asynchronously, improving scalability and reliability.

DNS records like A, CNAME, and MX help route internet traffic and manage services.

The TLS handshake establishes a secure connection for HTTPS, ensuring data safety.

Timeouts in distributed systems indicate suspicion, not confirmed failure.

API Gateway, Proxy, and Load Balancer serve different roles in managing requests and traffic in systems.