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Secure API design requires multiple strategies to protect sensitive data and access.

Data residency is crucial for compliance with laws about where data can be stored.

Encryption at rest and in transit are essential for protecting data both stored and in motion.

Hashing is one-way for verification, while encryption is two-way for confidentiality.

Database per Service ensures each microservice owns its data, reducing dependencies.

Zero Trust Architecture ensures that no user or device is trusted by default.

Authentication verifies who you are, while authorization determines what you can do.

OAuth 2.0 lets apps access user data securely without passwords.

Fail Fast means stopping quickly on errors, while Fail Safe ensures safety in failures.

KMS securely manages encryption keys to protect data from theft.

Password hashing with unique salts ensures security by creating different hashes for identical passwords.

Session-based authentication uses cookies to remember users after login.

SQL injection is a security risk where attackers manipulate database queries via input fields.

REST API design focuses on creating clean, efficient, and scalable web services.

SSRF is a vulnerability where an attacker tricks a server into making unintended requests.

API keys help identify clients and control their access to APIs securely.

CSRF tricks your browser into making requests without your consent.

Retention policies help manage how long data is kept in databases.

The CAP Theorem explains the trade-offs in distributed systems during network failures.

Choosing the right boundaries for microservices is crucial for effective architecture.

Transactions ensure database operations are reliable using ACID properties.

Partition pruning helps databases skip unnecessary data scans, speeding up queries.

Cache penetration occurs when requests for non-existent data overload the database.

Disaster Recovery Testing verifies that your recovery plan works effectively in real situations.

Disaster recovery ensures systems can restore services and data after major disruptions.

HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP that encrypts data for safety.

Database isolation levels determine how transactions interact and affect data consistency.

XSS is a vulnerability that lets attackers run scripts in users' browsers.

Choosing between a shared database and a database per service affects system design significantly.

Dynamo-style databases are designed for high availability and fault tolerance in distributed systems.

Symmetric encryption uses one key, while asymmetric uses a pair of keys for security.

Sharding splits databases into smaller parts to improve performance and scalability.

The TLS handshake establishes a secure connection for HTTPS, ensuring data safety.

RPO and RTO are key metrics for planning disaster recovery strategies.