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Fail-stop means a system stops and stays down, while fail-recover means it can come back but needs to be ready.

Kafka consumer reprocessing involves safely replaying events to correct system states.

Kafka consumers resume processing from the last committed offset after a crash.

Kafka lag recovery time is how fast consumers can process backlogged messages.

Kafka Partition Reassignment moves replicas between brokers while keeping data safe.

Crash failures stop a service, while network failures disrupt communication.

Elasticsearch uses master election and quorum to prevent split brain scenarios.

Kafka uses different strategies to assign partitions to consumers in a group efficiently.

Kafka commit strategies determine how offsets are managed during message processing.

Poison messages in Kafka can cause infinite retries, risking system stability.

Kafka rebalance can lead to lost or duplicated work if not handled carefully.