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Stateless servers are easier to scale because they don't store user session data locally.

Load balancers distribute traffic across multiple servers to enhance performance and reliability.

API Gateway, Proxy, and Load Balancer serve different roles in managing requests and traffic in systems.

Vertical scaling means upgrading one server, while horizontal scaling means adding more servers.

Monolithic and microservices architectures each have unique advantages and challenges for software development.

Elasticsearch uses distributed architecture to search data quickly across multiple servers.

Database per Service ensures each microservice owns its data, reducing dependencies.

L4 and L7 load balancers differ in how they route network traffic based on layers of the OSI model.

A reverse proxy routes client requests to different backend services efficiently.

Choosing the right boundaries for microservices is crucial for effective architecture.

Distributed caching spreads data across multiple servers for better performance and reliability.

Microservices and modular monoliths differ mainly in deployment and communication methods.

Search engines collect, index, retrieve, and rank documents to provide relevant results.

Microservices can communicate using five key patterns based on their needs.

REST, RPC, and gRPC are different methods for communication in software systems.

Distributed locks ensure only one server performs a task, avoiding duplication.

Timeouts in distributed systems indicate suspicion, not confirmed failure.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

FAANG engineers use high-level design principles to create scalable systems.

The Bulkhead Pattern isolates resources to protect critical workloads from failures.

An API Gateway simplifies client access to backend services in microservices.

Message queues allow services to communicate asynchronously, improving scalability and reliability.

Database replication enhances data availability and read performance but has challenges like replication lag.

Redis is a fast in-memory data store used for caching and low-latency applications.

Distributed backpressure helps manage the flow of work between services to prevent overload.

ZooKeeper coordinates distributed systems using an ensemble of servers and the ZAB protocol.

Queues distribute tasks to one consumer, while Pub/Sub broadcasts events to multiple subscribers.

Database bottlenecks slow down performance, but identifying them helps optimize and scale effectively.

Elasticsearch has different node roles that help manage data and scale clusters effectively.

The Transactional Outbox Pattern ensures database updates and event publishing are synchronized to avoid losing events.

In distributed systems, timestamps don't always reflect the true order of events.

The Token Bucket algorithm helps manage how many requests a server can handle.

A CDN speeds up web applications by caching content closer to users.