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Monolithic and microservices architectures each have unique advantages and challenges for software development.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

FAANG engineers use high-level design principles to create scalable systems.

HLD provides an overview of system architecture, while LLD details implementation specifics.

An API Gateway simplifies client access to backend services in microservices.

Search engines collect, index, retrieve, and rank documents to provide relevant results.

Choosing the right boundaries for microservices is crucial for effective architecture.

Microservices and modular monoliths differ mainly in deployment and communication methods.

Microservices can communicate using five key patterns based on their needs.

Database per Service ensures each microservice owns its data, reducing dependencies.

Stateless servers are easier to scale because they don't store user session data locally.

The Saga Pattern manages distributed transactions using local transactions and compensating actions.

Dependency failures can disrupt applications, but resilience patterns can help manage them.

Kafka Schema Evolution allows safe changes to message structures without breaking existing consumers.

API Gateway, Proxy, and Load Balancer serve different roles in managing requests and traffic in systems.

Vertical scaling means upgrading one server, while horizontal scaling means adding more servers.

Functional requirements define what a system does, while non-functional requirements define how it performs.