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Fail-stop means a system stops and stays down, while fail-recover means it can come back but needs to be ready.

Dependency failures can disrupt applications, but resilience patterns can help manage them.

Database replication helps keep data available and allows systems to handle more read requests.

Kafka consumers resume processing from the last committed offset after a crash.

Fallbacks allow systems to handle failures safely and maintain user experience.

Cascading failures occur when one service's failure impacts others, causing widespread issues.

Partial failure means some services fail while others keep running, impacting system reliability.

Kafka consumer reprocessing involves safely replaying events to correct system states.