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Monolithic and microservices architectures each have unique advantages and challenges for software development.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

FAANG engineers use high-level design principles to create scalable systems.

FAANG interviewers evaluate problem understanding, architecture, scalability, and communication skills.

REST API design focuses on creating clean, efficient, and scalable web services.

HLD provides an overview of system architecture, while LLD details implementation specifics.

An API Gateway simplifies client access to backend services in microservices.

Search engines collect, index, retrieve, and rank documents to provide relevant results.

Choosing the right boundaries for microservices is crucial for effective architecture.

Microservices and modular monoliths differ mainly in deployment and communication methods.

Microservices can communicate using five key patterns based on their needs.

Database per Service ensures each microservice owns its data, reducing dependencies.

Graceful degradation allows apps to function partially during service failures.

Stateless servers are easier to scale because they don't store user session data locally.

The Saga Pattern manages distributed transactions using local transactions and compensating actions.

SLIs measure service performance, SLOs set reliability targets, and SLAs are customer agreements.

gRPC allows efficient communication between services using a structured request-response model.

Dependency failures can disrupt applications, but resilience patterns can help manage them.

Fail Fast means stopping quickly on errors, while Fail Safe ensures safety in failures.

The choice between SQL and NoSQL databases depends on your application's specific needs.

Choosing between a shared database and a database per service affects system design significantly.

Kafka Schema Evolution allows safe changes to message structures without breaking existing consumers.

Service Discovery helps microservices locate each other dynamically without fixed IP addresses.

API Gateway, Proxy, and Load Balancer serve different roles in managing requests and traffic in systems.

Vertical scaling means upgrading one server, while horizontal scaling means adding more servers.

Functional requirements define what a system does, while non-functional requirements define how it performs.

Protobuf schema evolution requires careful changes to avoid breaking existing clients.

You can replay Kafka events safely by separating live and replay processes.

A timeout indicates a deadline was exceeded, not necessarily a failure.