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Transactions ensure database operations are reliable using ACID properties.

The choice between SQL and NoSQL databases depends on your application's specific needs.

Database indexing speeds up data retrieval by allowing quick lookups.

B-Trees help databases find data quickly without scanning every row.

Database isolation levels determine how transactions interact and affect data consistency.

Database per Service ensures each microservice owns its data, reducing dependencies.

Database bottlenecks slow down performance, but identifying them helps optimize and scale effectively.

Sharding splits databases into smaller parts to improve performance and scalability.

Choosing between a shared database and a database per service affects system design significantly.

Database replication enhances data availability and read performance but has challenges like replication lag.

Search engines collect, index, retrieve, and rank documents to provide relevant results.

REST API design focuses on creating clean, efficient, and scalable web services.

DNS records like A, CNAME, and MX help route internet traffic and manage services.

Database replication helps keep data available and allows systems to handle more read requests.

Choose Elasticsearch for complex text searches, but use databases for structured queries.

DNS resolution translates a URL into an IP address for web access.

The Cache-Aside Pattern speeds up data retrieval by using a cache to store frequently accessed data.

Cache penetration occurs when requests for non-existent data overload the database.

API pagination helps manage large datasets by breaking them into smaller parts.

Caching helps applications respond faster by serving data from memory instead of hitting the database.

Functional requirements define what a system does, while non-functional requirements define how it performs.

Write-Ahead Log ensures data is safely recorded before changes are made.

Redis is a fast in-memory data store used for caching and low-latency applications.

The Bulkhead Pattern isolates resources to protect critical workloads from failures.