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Functional requirements define what a system does, while non-functional requirements define how it performs.

HLD provides an overview of system architecture, while LLD details implementation specifics.

Search engines collect, index, retrieve, and rank documents to provide relevant results.

FAANG engineers use high-level design principles to create scalable systems.

Dependency failures can disrupt applications, but resilience patterns can help manage them.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

The Bulkhead Pattern isolates resources to protect critical workloads from failures.

Choosing the right boundaries for microservices is crucial for effective architecture.

Monolithic and microservices architectures each have unique advantages and challenges for software development.

Alerting helps notify the right people about production issues quickly.

REST, RPC, and gRPC are different methods for communication in software systems.

Microservices can communicate using five key patterns based on their needs.

Availability is about access; reliability is about correct performance.

Microservices and modular monoliths differ mainly in deployment and communication methods.

Fallbacks allow systems to handle failures safely and maintain user experience.

The USE Method helps find and analyze infrastructure bottlenecks in software systems.

Stateless servers are easier to scale because they don't store user session data locally.

The retry pattern helps systems recover from temporary failures but can cause overload if misused.

Database per Service ensures each microservice owns its data, reducing dependencies.

A Circuit Breaker helps prevent system failures by stopping calls to unhealthy services.

API Gateway, Proxy, and Load Balancer serve different roles in managing requests and traffic in systems.

Observability helps engineers understand system behavior to debug production issues effectively.