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Data residency is crucial for compliance with laws about where data can be stored.

A CDN speeds up web applications by caching content closer to users.

Stateless servers are easier to scale because they don't store user session data locally.

Distributed caching spreads data across multiple servers for better performance and reliability.

Caching helps applications respond faster by serving data from memory instead of hitting the database.

Database per Service ensures each microservice owns its data, reducing dependencies.

Replicas keep your system available, while snapshots allow for data recovery.

FAANG engineers use high-level design principles to create scalable systems.

Redis is a fast in-memory data store used for caching and low-latency applications.

Elasticsearch uses distributed architecture to search data quickly across multiple servers.

Stream Processing Architecture helps turn incoming events into real-time insights efficiently.

Elasticsearch Data Streams simplify time-series data management with one name for many indices.

Disaster recovery ensures systems can restore services and data after major disruptions.

Choosing the right boundaries for microservices is crucial for effective architecture.

Elasticsearch offers Data Streams for simplicity and Time-Based Indices for control in managing time-series data.

Kafka uses retention to keep historical data and compaction to keep the latest state.

CQRS separates how we change data from how we read data, improving scalability.

Availability is about access; reliability is about correct performance.

Elasticsearch CCR allows real-time data replication for faster disaster recovery.

The Cache-Aside Pattern speeds up data retrieval by using a cache to store frequently accessed data.

CDC with Kafka allows real-time updates from databases to multiple services.

Search engines collect, index, retrieve, and rank documents to provide relevant results.

Vertical scaling means upgrading one server, while horizontal scaling means adding more servers.

Global failover ensures applications remain available by redirecting traffic from failed regions to functioning ones.

Cache penetration occurs when requests for non-existent data overload the database.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.