Any concept.
clear in 60 seconds.

Elasticsearch offers two pagination methods: from & size for shallow pages and search_after for deep pages.

Cache breakdowns can overwhelm databases, but request coalescing solves this issue.

The Cache-Aside Pattern speeds up data retrieval by using a cache to store frequently accessed data.

Older offsets can overwrite newer ones in Kafka if not handled properly.

Distributed caching spreads data across multiple servers for better performance and reliability.

Search engines collect, index, retrieve, and rank documents to provide relevant results.

Sharding splits databases into smaller parts to improve performance and scalability.

Vertical scaling means upgrading one server, while horizontal scaling means adding more servers.

Backpressure prevents system overload by managing message processing rates in Kafka.