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Microservices can communicate using five key patterns based on their needs.

HLD provides an overview of system architecture, while LLD details implementation specifics.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

The Bulkhead Pattern isolates resources to protect critical workloads from failures.

Request-Response asks for a result, while Events notify that something has happened.

Database per Service ensures each microservice owns its data, reducing dependencies.

Graceful degradation allows apps to function partially during service failures.

The Saga Pattern manages distributed transactions using local transactions and compensating actions.

FAANG interviewers evaluate problem understanding, architecture, scalability, and communication skills.

REST API design focuses on creating clean, efficient, and scalable web services.

Choosing the right boundaries for microservices is crucial for effective architecture.

Monolithic and microservices architectures each have unique advantages and challenges for software development.

Fallbacks allow systems to handle failures safely and maintain user experience.

Microservices and modular monoliths differ mainly in deployment and communication methods.

The choice between SQL and NoSQL databases depends on your application's specific needs.

Functional requirements define what a system does, while non-functional requirements define how it performs.

A Circuit Breaker helps prevent system failures by stopping calls to unhealthy services.

The Cache-Aside Pattern speeds up data retrieval by using a cache to store frequently accessed data.

The Circuit Breaker pattern controls service calls to prevent failures from spreading.

The Transactional Outbox Pattern ensures database updates and event publishing are synchronized to avoid losing events.

Fail Fast means stopping quickly on errors, while Fail Safe ensures safety in failures.

REST, RPC, and gRPC are different methods for communication in software systems.

Choosing between a shared database and a database per service affects system design significantly.

Vertical scaling means upgrading one server, while horizontal scaling means adding more servers.

Idempotency ensures that repeated operations in APIs do not cause duplicate effects.

Alerting helps notify the right people about production issues quickly.

Search engines collect, index, retrieve, and rank documents to provide relevant results.

L4 and L7 load balancers differ in how they route network traffic based on layers of the OSI model.

Protobuf schema evolution requires careful changes to avoid breaking existing clients.

Elasticsearch index templates automatically apply settings to new indices based on patterns.

The USE Method helps find and analyze infrastructure bottlenecks in software systems.

Availability is about access; reliability is about correct performance.

SLIs measure service performance, SLOs set reliability targets, and SLAs are customer agreements.

Synchronous communication waits for a response, while asynchronous continues without waiting.

A timeout indicates a deadline was exceeded, not necessarily a failure.

Load balancers distribute traffic across multiple servers to enhance performance and reliability.

Database bottlenecks slow down performance, but identifying them helps optimize and scale effectively.