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HLD provides an overview of system architecture, while LLD details implementation specifics.

REST API design focuses on creating clean, efficient, and scalable web services.

Graceful degradation allows apps to function partially during service failures.

Fallbacks allow systems to handle failures safely and maintain user experience.

Database replication enhances data availability and read performance but has challenges like replication lag.

The Bulkhead Pattern isolates resources to protect critical workloads from failures.

Microservices are useful when you need independent scaling, deployment, and clear boundaries in software design.

L4 and L7 load balancers differ in how they route network traffic based on layers of the OSI model.