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Elasticsearch has different node roles that help manage data and scale clusters effectively.

Elasticsearch uses shards for data distribution and replicas for redundancy.

Elasticsearch index templates automatically apply settings to new indices based on patterns.

Elasticsearch aliases allow zero-downtime switching between indices for applications.

Elasticsearch Data Streams simplify time-series data management with one name for many indices.

An inverted index helps search engines quickly find documents containing specific terms.

Search engines collect, index, retrieve, and rank documents to provide relevant results.

Alerting helps notify the right people about production issues quickly.

An error budget shows how much downtime is acceptable while meeting reliability goals.

SLIs measure service performance, SLOs set reliability targets, and SLAs are customer agreements.

Kafka consumers resume processing from the last committed offset after a crash.

A reverse proxy routes client requests to different backend services efficiently.

FAANG engineers use high-level design principles to create scalable systems.

Functional requirements define what a system does, while non-functional requirements define how it performs.

FAANG interviewers evaluate problem understanding, architecture, scalability, and communication skills.